The European Qur’an Project Final Meeting: Granada, 27-28 October 2025

The final meeting of the six-year ERC Synergy Grant project The European Qur’an (EuQu) will take place at the Escuela de Estudios Árabes (EEA-CSIC) in Granada on 27–28 October 2025. On this occasion, I will share the outcomes of my research on premodern Hebrew translations of the Qur’an.

Focusing on seventeenth- and eighteenth-century translations produced from Italian and Dutch Christian versions, my work examines their circulation across religious, linguistic, and cultural boundaries. It highlights the role of a diverse network of actors (Italian, Ashkenazi, Sephardi, Oriental, crypto-Jews, and converts) who copied, translated, read, and recontextualized these texts.

By combining digital humanities tools with philology and historical criticism, this project fills a major historiographical gap. It offers new insights into pre-nineteenth-century Jewish history and the early development of Oriental studies among Central European Ashkenazim, and demonstrates that the history of the Qur’an in Europe is deeply intertwined with the broader inner-Jewish diversity.

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Article: « Jésus est-il mort volontairement selon le Coran? Une lecture historico-critique de Q 4:156-159 »

My latest article has been published in the new issue of BABELAO – Electronic Journal for Ancient and Oriental Studies. It is now available through UCLouvain’s open-access journal platform:

N. AFIF, “Jésus est-il mort volontairement selon le Coran? Une lecture historico-critique de Q 4:156-159”, BABELAO 14 (2025), pp. 107-130

In this publication, I discuss new findings related to the Quranic passage on the crucifixion by using a method combining paleography, philology, intertextuality and corpus linguistics (quantitative analysis). As a result, I provide alternative readings that support a new hypothesis about the voluntary death of Jesus in the Quran.

 

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‘ Holy Scriptures’ workshop: Jewish approaches to the Qur’an and Islam in the light of modernity

 

I will deliver a course to international students at NYU Abu Dhabi, as part of the workshop « Holy Scriptures » (April 7–9, 2025). This event explores the history, religious significance, and cultural impact of scripture in the three Abrahamic traditions. Beyond providing instruction, it encourages students to develop their own research projects, examining the connections between these texts and their mutual influence across different traditions.

My teaching session will be devoted to the evolution of the Jewish engagement with the Qur’an and Islam by focusing on modern Jewish translations of the Islamic Scriptures (19th-20th centuries). I will discuss the many dimensions through which Islam and the Qur’an were approached by the Jewish translators (theological, literary, historical-critical, political), and highlight the role of the Qur’anic translations in shaping the modern Jewish identity, often in a wider relationship between Judaism, Christianity and Islam.

 

 

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Galen: On Simple Drugs in Syriac Translation. Processed images and digital-born critical edition

The digital outputs of the AHRC-funded project The Syriac Galen Palimpsest  based at the University of Manchester from 2015 to 2020 are now available. Our multidisciplinary team used cutting-edge imaging techniques to recover the erased text from a unique manuscript and restore a valuable witness to the scientific heritage of the Syriac Christian world.

The dataset, which is accessible in Open Access, includes a critical edition of Books 6–9 of Galen’s On Simple Drugs, presented in PDF, RTF, and Mellel formats, along with processed images of the manuscript. Further information on our editorial approach will be published in the forthcoming volume The Syriac Galen Palimpsest: A New Paradigm for Cross-Disciplinary Research (Proceedings of the British Academy), stemming from the project’s international British Academy Conference held in 2019. Consult the files on Figshare.

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‘Le Coran vu d’ailleurs’ : Catalogue of the Exhibition at the National Library of Tunisia

Published by the Institut de recherche sur le Maghreb contemporain, Le Coran vu d’ailleurs accompanied the exhibition held at the National Library of Tunisia from 15 February to 30 April 2025. Edited by: Katia Boissevain, anthropologist and Director of the IRMC; Khaled Kchir, historian and Director of the National Library of Tunisia (BNT); John Tolan, professor, University of Nantes; Naima Afif, postdoctoral researcher, University of Copenhagen; and Jan Loop, professor, University of Copenhagen.

 

Couverture du catalogue Le Coran vu d’ailleurs, publié à l’occasion de l’exposition à la Bibliothèque nationale de Tunisie en 2025.

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New Paper in Translation Studies and Early Modern Retranslations of Canonical Texts: “The Hybridity of a Hebrew Retranslation of the Qur’an from Dutch by a Jewish Convert”

Hebrew Manuscript Library of Congress Naima AFIF study Postdoc researcher

My contribution to the volume Retranslating the Bible and the Qur’an: Historical Approaches and Current Debates is accessible in Open Access. Edited by Pieter Boulogne, Marijke H. de Lang, and Joseph Verheyden, this publication brings together studies that highlight the complexity of retranslating canonical religious texts. My paper explores a double indirect Hebrew translation of the Qur’an from the eighteenth century by a Jewish convert to Christianity. It discusses how the translator’s identities are negotiated, articulated, and reconstructed through the process of retranslation.  Learn more about the book on the KULeuven website.

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Book: ‘The European Qur’an: Encounters with the Holy Text of Islam from the Ninth to the Twentieth Century’

The European Qur'an book catalogue
Illustration by Marwan Shahin

What role does the Holy Scripture of Islam, the Qurʾān, play in the history of European thought? How has it been read and understood in Europe since the first translations in the Middle Ages?

The Qurʾān and Islam are traditionally seen as an antithesis to Europe’s self-narrative of cultural achievements: the Enlightenment, secularization, and religious tolerance. Some claim that Islam in general and the Qurʾān in particular are alien to Europe’s culture and political institutions.

This publication endeavours to counter this popular belief and to tell a different story by documenting the role the Qurʾān has played in the formation of culture, religion, scholarship, and politics in Europe. It expands the themes presented in our one-year exhibition The European Qur’an, currently on at the Weltmuseum Wien as part of the European Qur’an (EuQu) project (September 18, 2024 to August 24, 2025).

Available on the editor’s website.

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Open Access Publication : New Light on Old Manuscripts: Recent Advances in Palimpsest Studies

book-cover, naima afif, article, publication, author, scientific

New publication: Naima Afif, Peter E. Pormann, William I. Sellers, Natalia Smelova, Siam Bhayro, “GalenQt. A New Software Tool for Recovering Lost Text and its Use for the Reconstruction of the Lacuna in Galen’s Simple Drugs, Book 8”, in C. Rapp, J. Gruskova, G. Kessel, G. Rossetto (eds), New Light on Old Manuscripts: Recent Advances in Palimpsest Studies, Veröffentlichungen zur Byzanzforschung, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, 2023, p. 441–463.

 

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‘Qur’anic Concepts through European Translation and Retranslations of the Qur’an: a Case Study’. Conference ‘What is the European Qur’ān? Definitions, descriptions, representations (12th-19th c.)’, 11-12 May 2023

I will present a paper at the conference “What is the European Qur’ān? Definitions, Descriptions, Representations (12th–19th c.)” that will be held in Nantes on 11–12 May 2023. My talk, “Qur’anic Concepts through European Translations and Retranslations of the Qur’an: A Case Study,” explores how European translations shaped understandings of the Qur’an and contributed to changing representations of the Islamic scripture across different cultural and linguistic settings.

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‘The Nahda and the Wissenschaft des Judentums: Arabs, Jews and the Critique of European Modernity’, Keynote lecture by Susannah Heschel

We are honored to host Susannah Heschel, Eli M. Black Distinguished Professor of Jewish Studies, Chair of the Jewish Studies Program, and faculty member in the Department of Religion at Dartmouth College. Professor Heschel will deliver a lecture on how nineteenth-century Arab and Jewish intellectuals approached the question of modernity through their respective cultural movements, the Nahda and the Haskalah. She will explore how, in the early twentieth century, new forms of collaboration emerged between Arabs and Jews, as well as among Christian, Muslim, and Jewish Nahdawis, as they developed counter-modern religious and political ideals. Through these encounters and exchanges, Arabs and Jews came to understand themselves and each other in new ways.

Organized by Naima Afif, University of Copenhagen. Join the event.

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‘Jews, the Qur’an and Islam: Contacts and Influences’, International workshop, 1-2 February 2023

I am delighted to announce the forthcoming international workshop, ‘Jews, the Qur’an and Islam: Contacts and Influences’ which will take place on 1-2 February 2023 in Copenhagen under the auspices of the EuQu project.

The workshop aims to explore how Jews approached the Qur’an and Islam from the Middle Age to the early modern period both in the lands of Islam and in Europe. Through various sources and textual genres ranging from polemics, exegesis to Qur’anic translations, we will discuss how Islam was perceived, how the Qur’an was used and how the Jews in some contexts were influenced by the material, textual and theological aspects of the Islamic tradition.

Online participation is possible via Zoom. You can learn more about the event here or contact me: naima.afif@teol.ku.dk

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‘The Mishnaic Moment: Jewish Law among Jews and Christians in Early Modern Europe’: Public lecture by Joanna Weinberg at the Danish Jewish Museum

Join us for a special event at the Danish Jewish Museum, organised in collaboration with the EuQu project at the University of Copenhagen.

Joanna Weinberg, Professor Emerita at the University of Oxford, will present her recent book, The Mishnaic Moment: Jewish Law among Jews and Christians in Early Modern Europe. She will discuss how the Mishnah, the Jewish law, became a shared object of study among Jewish and Christian scholars in seventeenth-century northern Europe.

February 1, 2023| 17:00 CET | The Danish Jewish Museum, Proviantpassagen 6, 1218 København K or via zoom. Convenor: Naima Afif.

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The Online Corpus of the GREgORI Project – New Interface

As part of my collaboration with the GREgORI Project (which provides scholars with lemmatized corpora in many languages!), I have worked with Bastien Kindt on the lemmatisation and morphological analysis of:  Books 1 (ch. 1-10), 6, 7, 8 of the Greek text of Galen’s On Simple Drugs and Discourse 13 (S2 version) of Gregory of Nazianzus in Syriac (+than 1000 pages of outputs).

This large amount of data is now accessible through an online, open-access interface that integrates a concordancer, text browser, and editions viewer.

You can now explore how to use this digital tool here and make use of it.

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‘The Circulation of the Masāʾil ʿAbdallāh ibn Salām (Liber de doctrina Mahumet) in Europe’, Webinar 29 April 2022

The Masāʾil ʿAbdallāh ibn Salām (Abdallāh ibn Salām’s Questions) is a fictional dialogue between a learned Jew who converted to Islam and the prophet Muḥammad. Originally written in Arabic, it enjoyed a great popularity in the West. The text was translated into Latin as part of the Corpus Toletanum in the 12th century under the title Liber de doctrina Mahumet and then served as the basis of several translations in European vernaculars. In this online seminar we will discuss the transfer and wide European reception of this work, and assess how it influenced European knowledge of Muḥammad and Islam over centuries.

This online seminar “The Circulation of the Masāʾil ʿAbdallāh ibn Salām (Liber de doctrina Mahumet) in Europe” will be held on the 29 April 2022, 14 – 4 PM CET.

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#Impact : Echoes of my PhD thesis

 

My PhD thesis on the translation of the Qur’an into Hebrew by Hermann Reckendorf is receiving renewed attention from Maurice-Ruben Hayoun, Emeritus Professor at the University of Geneva.

Professor Hayoun is an expert in medieval Jewish and Judeo-Arabic philosophy, as well as in the revival of German-Jewish thought from Moses Mendelssohn to Gershom Scholem, Martin Buber, and Franz Rosenzweig.

I am delighted to learn that he considers my research “an excellent work, conducted in accordance with the principles of philology and historical criticism.”

Read the full article (in French) here: Maurice Ruben-Ayoun, « Ce que l’islamologie moderne doit aux savants et aux penseurs juifs III », in OPS & BLOGS Maurice-Ruben Hayoun – The Times of Israel, 10 January 2022 

See also le Portail juif francophoneHuffington Post France,  Huffington Post Canada, and La Cité.

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Online Congress ‘Humanizing Digitalization. Digitalizing Humanities’

conference, naima afif, digital humanities, scholar, academia, PhDThe Congress ‘Humanizing Digitalization. Digitalizing Humanities’ organised by El Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) in Madrid took place online on the 20 and 21th October 2021. In the first session devoted to text analysis, I explained how to create a multilingual corpus (in Latin, Italian, Hebrew, Arabic) by using the textual analysis software Sketch Engine and how to use this corpus to construct a glossary with Lexonomy an open-source, web-based dictionary writing and publishing system.

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Description (TEI XML encoding) of Syriac manuscripts in collaboration with the John Rylands Library

naima afif, TEI XML, encoding, digital heritage, library, research, syriacI am very happy to present you the result of my online collaboration with the John Rylands Library  in 2020. I have compiled TEI XML descriptions of Syriac manuscripts from the John Rylands Research Institute and Library’s collection.

This material was presented in the exhibition Seeing the Invisible (2019-2020) and is now accessible on the Manchester Digital Collections.

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New publication: « De Leipzig à Fès: une copie sépharade de la traduction hébraïque du Coran d’Hermann Reckendorf »

Jerusalem, National Library of Israel, Ms. Heb. 8° 6453. Sura 1 in Hebrew, with a transliteration of the Arabic text in Hebrew script.

The first Hebrew translation of the Qur’an directly from Arabic was produced by Hermann Reckendorf (1825–1875) in Germany during the Jewish Enlightenment.

While Reckendorf’s translation circulated primarily in Ashkenazi intellectual circles, it also survives in a remarkable manuscript copied in nineteenth-century Morocco. This article examines this unique Sephardic witness and explores how a European Hebrew translation of the Qur’an was transmitted in a North African Jewish context.

Read the publication in Open Acces.

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Publication : Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Sciences

naima afif, research, publication, Syriac, history of sciences, manuscripts New publication: Naima Afif, Peter E. Pormann, William I. Sellers, Natalia Smelova, Siam Bhayro, « The Syriac Text of Book Nine of On Simple Drugs. New Evidence from the Syriac Galen Palimpsest » in Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Sciences (Galen’s Treatise On Simple Drugs: Interpretation and Transmission), 70/184-185, 2020, pp. 130-149. Access through the publisher’s website.

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